@font-face { font-family: "Libre Baskerville"; src: url("fonts/libre-baskerville.ttf") format("truetype"); font-style: normal; font-weight: 400 700; font-display: swap; }
:root {
  --paper: #fdfcfb;
  --white: #ffffff;
  --ink: #13232d;
  --muted: #686b6d;
  --accent: #781b24;
  --teal: var(--accent);
  --line: #dedbd7;
  --soft: #f5f2ef;
  --serif: 'Libre Baskerville', Georgia, 'Noto Serif TC', 'Songti TC', 'PMingLiU', serif;
  --sans: Arial, 'Noto Sans TC', 'PingFang TC', 'Microsoft JhengHei', sans-serif;
}
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-padding-top: 28px; }
body { margin: 0; background: var(--paper); color: var(--ink); font: 16px/1.7 var(--sans); }
button, input, select, textarea { font: inherit; }
button { cursor: pointer; }
button:disabled { cursor: not-allowed; }
a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
h1, h2, h3, p { margin-top: 0; }
h1, h2, h3 { line-height: 1.35; }
button, a, input, select, textarea, summary { outline-offset: 5px; }
button:focus-visible, a:focus-visible, input:focus-visible, select:focus-visible, summary:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); }
::selection { background: #ecd9dc; color: #4c1017; }
.sr-only { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0; }
.skip-link { position: fixed; top: -80px; left: 20px; padding: 12px 20px; background: var(--accent); color: white; z-index: 100; }
.skip-link:focus { top: 12px; }
.page-width { width: min(1328px, calc(100% - 160px)); margin-inline: auto; }
.public-site { min-height: 100vh; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.public-site > main { flex: 1; }
.masthead { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; justify-content: space-between; gap: 28px; padding-block: 21px 23px; }
.identity { min-width: 0; }
.wordmark { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 27px; font-family: var(--serif); color: #0e1a21; width: fit-content; }
.name-en { font-size: clamp(32px, 3vw, 44px); line-height: 1.12; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: -1.5px; }
.name-zh { font-size: 33px; line-height: 1.3; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 2px; white-space: nowrap; }
.affiliation { margin: 10px 0 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: .12px; line-height: 1.6; }
.header-actions { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 18px; padding-top: 9px; }
.language-switch { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 13px; white-space: nowrap; }
.language-switch button { min-height: 38px; padding: 5px 2px; border: 0; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; background: transparent; color: var(--muted); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 15px; }
.language-switch button.active { color: var(--accent); border-bottom-color: var(--accent); font-weight: 700; }
.language-switch span { font-size: 12px; color: #98918d; }
.icon-button { display: inline-flex; border: 0; background: none; padding: 8px; color: var(--ink); }
.mobile-menu { display: none; }
.navigation-strip { background: var(--accent); color: #fffaf7; }
.main-nav { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: clamp(28px, 5vw, 80px); min-height: 60px; }
.main-nav a { position: relative; padding-block: 13px; font: 18px/1.7 var(--serif); white-space: nowrap; }
.main-nav a::after { content: ''; position: absolute; inset-inline: 0; bottom: 9px; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; }
.main-nav a[aria-current=page]::after { border-bottom-color: #fff8ef; }
.main-nav a:hover { color: #fff; }
.main-nav a:hover::after { border-bottom-color: #dcaeb3; }
.main-nav a:focus-visible { outline-color: #fff8ef; }
.main-nav .nav-search { margin-left: auto; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; min-width: 40px; min-height: 48px; padding: 8px; }
.main-nav .nav-search::after { display: none; }
.overview-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 340px; align-items: start; gap: 80px; padding-block: 34px 48px; }
.overview-main, .overview-sidebar { min-width: 0; }
.section-rule { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 25px; margin: 0 0 16px; color: var(--accent); font: 600 16px/1.8 var(--serif); }
.section-rule::after { content: ''; height: 1px; background: #cfcecc; flex: 1; }
.section-kicker { display: block; margin: 0; color: #67696c; font: 400 14px/1.7 var(--serif); letter-spacing: 1.6px; }
.overview-research h1 { margin: 8px 0 17px; font: 400 clamp(30px, 2.65vw, 39px)/1.3 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.9px; color: #0f1c23; }
.research-lead { margin: 0; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.65; color: var(--muted); }
.research-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, .93fr) minmax(0, 1.07fr); border-top: 1px solid var(--line); margin-top: 27px; padding-top: 32px; }
.research-item { padding: 0 28px 0 0; min-width: 0; }
.research-item + .research-item { border-left: 1px solid var(--line); padding: 0 0 0 36px; }
.research-item h2 { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 16px; color: var(--accent); font: 400 24px/1.4 var(--serif); margin: 0 0 10px; letter-spacing: -.35px; }
.research-item h2 svg { flex: 0 0 auto; transform: translateY(2px); }
.research-item:hover h2 { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 6px; }
.research-item p { margin: 0; max-width: 360px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.7; color: var(--muted); }
.overview-publications { margin-top: 51px; }
.section-heading { display: flex; align-items: baseline; justify-content: space-between; gap: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; }
.text-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; color: var(--accent); font: 18px/1.7 var(--serif); }
.text-link:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 5px; }
.text-link svg { flex-shrink: 0; }
.home-paper { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 95px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 36px; padding: 21px 0 22px; }
.home-paper + .home-paper { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.home-paper-year { font: 25px/1.5 var(--serif); color: #71777a; border-right: 1px solid var(--line); letter-spacing: .5px; align-self: start; }
.home-paper h3 { font: 400 22px/1.5 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.3px; margin: 0; }
.home-paper h3 a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 5px; }
.home-paper p { margin: 9px 0 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6; }
.overview-sidebar { padding-top: 0; margin-top: -20px; }
.profile-portrait { margin: 0; }
/* A quiet hairline frame and narrow white edge keep the portrait natural. */
.portrait-frame { padding: 5px; background: var(--white); border: 1px solid #d8dad7; border-radius: 14px; }
.portrait-window { aspect-ratio: .84; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 8px; }
.portrait-window img { width: 100%; height: 100%; display: block; object-fit: cover; object-position: 54% 55%; transform: scale(1.12); transform-origin: 54% 55%; }
.profile-portrait figcaption { margin-top: 12px; font: 17px/1.7 var(--serif); }
.sidebar-email { border-block: 1px solid var(--line); display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 13px; margin-top: 10px; padding: 12px 0 25px; color: var(--accent); font: 17px/1.5 var(--serif); }
.sidebar-email svg { flex-shrink: 0; }
.sidebar-email span { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.sidebar-email:hover span { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 5px; }
.sidebar-teaching { margin-top: 18px; }
.sidebar-teaching h2 { font: 400 29px/1.4 var(--serif); margin: 0 0 12px; }
.semester-label { font: 18px/1.7 var(--serif); color: #777c80; margin-bottom: 15px; }
.sidebar-teaching ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.sidebar-teaching li { border-top: 1px solid #e7e3df; padding: 9px 0; font: 15px/1.65 var(--serif); }
.sidebar-teaching li a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.sidebar-cv { margin-top: 20px; font-size: 16px; }
.site-footer { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); background: #f8f6f3; }
.footer-main { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 36px; padding-block: 17px; }
.footer-identity > a { font: 20px/1.5 var(--serif); }
.footer-identity > a span { margin-left: 18px; font-size: 15px; }
.footer-identity p { margin: 2px 0 0; color: #7b7d7f; font: 15px/1.6 var(--serif); }
.footer-links { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0; font: 17px/1.5 var(--serif); white-space: nowrap; }
.footer-links a { border-left: 1px solid #d6d4d1; padding-inline: 27px; }
.footer-links a:last-child { padding-right: 0; }
.footer-links a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.footer-bottom { display: flex; gap: 20px; align-items: center; padding-block: 9px 13px; color: #777979; font-size: 11px; }
.footer-bottom > a { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; margin-left: auto; }
.footer-bottom > a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.inner-page { padding-block: 48px 80px; min-height: 60vh; }
.page-title { margin-bottom: 38px; max-width: 860px; }
.page-title h1 { font: 400 46px/1.3 var(--serif); margin: 12px 0 17px; letter-spacing: -.7px; }
.page-title p { font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.85; color: var(--muted); max-width: 830px; margin: 0; }
.button { border: 1px solid #cfc7c2; display: inline-flex; gap: 12px; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 13px; padding: 12px 20px; line-height: 1.6; background: transparent; color: var(--ink); border-radius: 4px; }
.button.primary { background: var(--accent); color: white; border-color: var(--accent); }
.button.primary:hover { background: #5e151c; }
.button.subtle:hover { background: #eee7e4; }
.publication-tools { display: flex; gap: 16px; align-items: center; padding-bottom: 20px; }
.search-box { display: flex; gap: 13px; align-items: center; border: 1px solid #cfc9c3; background: var(--white); padding: 14px 18px; flex: 1; color: #7f7772; border-radius: 4px; }
.search-box input { border: 0; background: none; outline: none; font-size: 15px; min-width: 0; width: 100%; color: var(--ink); padding: 0; }
.search-box:focus-within { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 2px; }
.year-select select { border: 1px solid #cfc9c3; padding: 14px 38px 14px 15px; background: var(--white); font-size: 14px; color: var(--ink); min-width: 150px; min-height: 54px; border-radius: 4px; }
.result-count { font-size: 13px; color: var(--muted); margin: 0 0 20px; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.result-count strong { font-weight: 600; color: var(--accent); }
.result-count button { border: 0; background: none; font-size: 13px; color: var(--accent); text-decoration: underline; margin-left: 14px; }
.paper-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 35px minmax(0, 1fr) 74px; gap: 28px; padding: 28px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.paper-index { font: 15px/1.8 var(--serif); color: #93817a; padding-top: 1px; }
.paper-meta { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 17px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; margin-bottom: 9px; color: var(--muted); flex-wrap: wrap; }
.paper-meta > span:first-child { color: var(--accent); font-weight: 600; }
.paper-body h3 { font: 400 26px/1.4 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.2px; margin: 0 0 11px; max-width: 980px; }
.paper-body h3 a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 5px; }
.paper-authors { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #686c70; margin: 0; }
.paper-actions { display: flex; align-items: flex-end; flex-direction: column; justify-content: flex-start; gap: 20px; padding-top: 3px; }
.paper-open { display: grid; place-items: center; width: 38px; height: 38px; border: 1px solid #d4c9c5; border-radius: 50%; color: var(--accent); }
.paper-open:hover { background: #f3e7e8; }
.paper-doi { font-size: 13px; color: var(--accent); margin: 10px 0 0; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.paper-doi a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.copy-button { display: flex; gap: 6px; align-items: center; border: 0; background: none; color: var(--muted); padding: 5px 0; font-size: 12px; }
.copy-button:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.citation-note, .full-citation { margin-top: 12px; font-size: 12px; color: #756c66; }
.citation-note summary, .full-citation summary { cursor: pointer; width: fit-content; }
.citation-note p, .full-citation p { margin: 9px 0 0; max-width: 950px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.full-citation p { padding: 14px 18px; background: var(--soft); border-left: 2px solid #bda9a1; font-size: 14px; user-select: text; }
.publication-source { font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding-top: 25px; margin-top: 20px; max-width: 950px; line-height: 1.9; }
.empty-state { padding: 38px 20px; text-align: center; color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; }
.empty-state > svg { margin-bottom: 15px; color: #a4897e; }
.empty-state h3 { font: 400 25px/1.4 var(--serif); }
.empty-state .button { margin-top: 15px; }
.research-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.4fr 1fr; gap: 75px; }
.research-topic { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 45px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 18px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding: 28px 0; }
.research-topic > .section-kicker { padding-top: 7px; color: var(--accent); }
.research-topic h2 { font: 400 29px/1.35 var(--serif); margin: 0 0 13px; }
.research-topic p { font-size: 16px; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.85; max-width: 570px; margin: 0; }
.research-aside { background: #f3efeb; padding: 32px; align-self: start; border-top: 2px solid #ac8d81; }
.equation { font: italic 30px/1.6 var(--serif); color: var(--accent); margin: 30px 0; }
.research-aside p { font-size: 14px; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.9; margin-bottom: 24px; }
.subheading { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin-bottom: 22px; }
.subheading h2 { font: 400 29px/1.4 var(--serif); margin: 0; }
.status-dot { width: 7px; height: 7px; background: var(--accent); border-radius: 50%; }
.course-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 22px; }
.course-card { padding: 25px 27px; background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-top: 2px solid #9e6b65; border-radius: 2px; }
.course-top { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; color: #94756b; margin-bottom: 15px; gap: 20px; }
.course-term { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: .5px; color: #7d756f; }
.course-card h3 { font: 400 24px/1.5 var(--serif); margin: 0 0 10px; }
.course-card p { font-size: 14px; color: var(--muted); margin: 0 0 15px; line-height: 1.8; }
.course-card p:empty { display: none; }
.course-card .text-link { font-size: 15px; }
.past-courses { margin-top: 55px; }
.past-courses h2 { font: 400 29px/1.4 var(--serif); margin: 0 0 15px; }
.past-courses > p { font-size: 15px; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 28px; }
.course-year { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.course-year:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.course-year summary { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; cursor: pointer; list-style: none; padding: 20px 5px; font-size: 16px; }
.course-year summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.course-year summary > span:last-child { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 30px; font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); }
.details-plus { font-size: 23px; font-weight: 300; }
.course-year[open] .details-plus { transform: rotate(45deg); }
.course-year ul { list-style: none; padding: 0 0 22px 28px; margin: 0; }
.course-year li { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; padding: 10px 0; font-size: 15px; color: #5c6468; }
.course-year small { display: block; color: #7e7d7a; font-size: 13px; }
.course-year li a { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 7px; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 12px; color: var(--accent); }
.title-with-action { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; justify-content: space-between; gap: 30px; }
.title-with-action .page-title { max-width: 850px; }
.print-button { margin-top: 27px; white-space: nowrap; }
.timeline-section { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 220px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 30px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding-top: 32px; margin-top: 36px; }
.timeline-section > h2 { font: 400 28px/1.4 var(--serif); }
.timeline-item { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 175px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 25px; padding-bottom: 26px; }
.timeline-period { font-size: 14px; color: #7d716a; padding-top: 5px; }
.timeline-item h3 { font: 400 24px/1.4 var(--serif); margin: 0 0 6px; }
.timeline-item p { font-size: 15px; color: var(--muted); margin: 0; }
.cv-publications-link { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 25px; margin-top: 30px; background: #f3efeb; padding: 28px 32px; }
.cv-publications-link > svg { color: #9c7768; flex-shrink: 0; }
.cv-publications-link h3 { font: 400 24px/1.4 var(--serif); margin: 0 0 7px; }
.cv-publications-link p { font-size: 14px; color: var(--muted); margin: 0; }
.cv-publications-link > a { margin-left: auto; white-space: nowrap; }
.resource-row { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 27px; padding: 27px 15px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.resource-row:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.resource-row:hover { background: #f7f1ee; }
.resource-row h2 { font: 400 25px/1.4 var(--serif); margin: 0 0 10px; }
.resource-row p { font-size: 15px; color: var(--muted); margin: 0; }
.resource-row > div { flex: 1; min-width: 0; }
.resource-row > svg { color: var(--accent); flex-shrink: 0; }
.resource-icon { color: #99796c; display: grid; place-items: center; width: 45px; flex-shrink: 0; }
.resource-type { font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #8b7d74; }
.links-heading { font: 400 28px/1.4 var(--serif); margin: 55px 0 25px; }
.related-links { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 0 50px; }
.related-links a { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 15px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); padding: 17px 0; font-size: 15px; color: var(--accent); }
.gallery-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 28px; }
.gallery-grid figure { margin: 0; }
.gallery-grid img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4/3; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 10px; border: 4px solid #364650; padding: 7px; background: #f2ecdf; }
.gallery-grid figcaption { font-size: 14px; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 12px; }
.preview-banner { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 25px; background: #f1dfb5; color: #554724; font-size: 12px; padding: 10px 20px; }
.preview-banner > span, .preview-banner > a { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; }
.preview-banner a { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.access-page { max-width: 700px; margin: 12vh auto; padding: 35px; display: flex; align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; gap: 24px; }
.access-page h1 { font: 400 37px/1.4 var(--serif); margin: 0; }
.access-page p { color: var(--muted); line-height: 2; margin: 0; }
.access-page small { color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; }
.access-error { color: #9b352e !important; }
@media (min-width: 1600px) {
  .overview-layout { padding-block: 43px 60px; }
}
@media (max-width: 1200px) {
  .page-width { width: calc(100% - 80px); }
  .name-en { font-size: 38px; }
  .name-zh { font-size: 29px; }
  .affiliation { font-size: 14px; }
  .main-nav { gap: 40px; }
  .main-nav a { font-size: 18px; }
  .overview-layout { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 290px; gap: 48px; }
  .overview-research h1 { font-size: 30px; }
  .research-lead { font-size: 18px; }
  .research-item h2 { font-size: 24px; }
  .research-item + .research-item { padding-left: 25px; }
  .research-item p { font-size: 15px; }
  .home-paper { grid-template-columns: 72px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 25px; }
  .home-paper h3 { font-size: 23px; }
  .home-paper-year { font-size: 23px; }
  .profile-portrait figcaption { font-size: 18px; }
  .sidebar-email { font-size: 17px; gap: 10px; }
  .sidebar-teaching li { font-size: 16px; }
  .footer-identity p { font-size: 13px; }
  .footer-links a { padding-inline: 20px; }
  .research-layout { gap: 40px; }
  .course-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .timeline-section { grid-template-columns: 170px minmax(0, 1fr); }
}
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .page-width { width: calc(100% - 56px); }
  .masthead { align-items: flex-start; }
  .wordmark { gap: 17px; }
  .name-en { font-size: 32px; }
  .name-zh { font-size: 24px; }
  .affiliation { font-size: 12px; max-width: 600px; }
  .header-actions { padding-top: 2px; }
  .main-nav { gap: 28px; min-height: 55px; }
  .main-nav a { font-size: 17px; padding-block: 12px; }
  .overview-layout { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 250px; gap: 32px; }
  .overview-research h1 { font-size: 32px; }
  .research-lead { font-size: 16px; }
  .research-grid { gap: 23px; grid-template-columns: 1fr; padding-top: 24px; }
  .research-item { padding: 0; }
  .research-item + .research-item { padding: 0; border-left: 0; }
  .research-item h2 { font-size: 24px; }
  .research-item p { font-size: 14px; }
  .overview-publications { margin-top: 38px; }
  .section-heading { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 9px; }
  .section-heading .text-link { font-size: 16px; }
  .home-paper { grid-template-columns: 58px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 20px; }
  .home-paper h3 { font-size: 22px; }
  .home-paper-year { font-size: 21px; }
  .home-paper p { font-size: 12px; }
  .sidebar-email { font-size: 15px; gap: 9px; }
  .profile-portrait figcaption { font-size: 16px; }
  .sidebar-teaching h2 { font-size: 27px; }
  .sidebar-teaching li { font-size: 15px; }
  .semester-label { font-size: 18px; }
  .footer-main { align-items: flex-start; gap: 24px; }
  .footer-links { font-size: 15px; padding-top: 5px; }
  .footer-links a { padding-inline: 14px; }
  .page-title h1 { font-size: 39px; }
  .page-title p { font-size: 16px; }
  .paper-row { gap: 20px; }
  .paper-body h3 { font-size: 24px; }
  .research-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 25px; }
  .research-aside { max-width: 700px; }
  .title-with-action { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0; }
  .title-with-action .page-title { margin-bottom: 25px; }
  .print-button { margin: 0 0 12px; }
  .timeline-section { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 8px; }
  .timeline-item { grid-template-columns: 170px minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .gallery-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
}
@media (max-width: 680px) {
  .page-width { width: calc(100% - 40px); }
  .masthead { padding-block: 19px 17px; gap: 14px; position: relative; }
  .identity { padding-right: 0; }
  .wordmark { flex-direction: column; gap: 4px; }
  .name-en { font-size: clamp(24px, 5.4vw, 31px); letter-spacing: -.7px; }
  .name-zh { font-size: 23px; letter-spacing: 3px; }
  .affiliation { font-size: 12px; margin-top: 11px; max-width: 100%; }
  .header-actions { flex-direction: column; gap: 3px; flex-shrink: 0; padding-top: 0; }
  .language-switch { gap: 9px; }
  .language-switch button { font-size: 13px; min-height: 32px; }
  .mobile-menu { display: inline-flex; align-self: flex-end; }
  .navigation-strip { display: none; }
  .navigation-strip.open { display: block; }
  .main-nav { padding-block: 9px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 0 25px; }
  .main-nav a { padding-block: 9px; width: fit-content; font-size: 18px; }
  .main-nav a::after { bottom: 6px; }
  .main-nav .nav-search { margin: 0; min-height: 42px; padding-left: 0; }
  .site-header { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .overview-layout { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 35px; padding-block: 27px 35px; }
  .overview-main { display: contents; }
  .overview-research { order: 0; width: 100%; }
  .overview-sidebar { margin-top: 0; order: 1; width: 100%; display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 0 24px; align-items: start; }
  .overview-publications { order: 2; margin: 0; width: 100%; }
  .profile-portrait { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1 / 4; }
  .portrait-frame { padding: 4px; border-radius: 12px; }
  .portrait-window { border-radius: 7px; }
  .profile-portrait figcaption { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; margin-top: 9px; }
  .sidebar-email { grid-column: 2; font-size: 13px; padding: 0 0 12px; margin: 0; border-top: 0; gap: 7px; }
  .sidebar-email svg { width: 17px; }
  .sidebar-teaching { grid-column: 2; margin-top: 10px; }
  .sidebar-teaching h2 { font-size: 25px; margin-bottom: 6px; }
  .semester-label { font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 10px; }
  .sidebar-teaching li { font-size: 14px; padding-block: 8px; }
  .sidebar-cv { grid-column: 2; font-size: 14px; margin-top: 10px; }
  .overview-research h1 { font-size: 30px; letter-spacing: -.6px; margin-block: 9px 14px; }
  .research-lead { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8; }
  .research-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 21px; padding-top: 22px; margin-top: 24px; }
  .research-item h2 { font-size: 25px; margin-bottom: 8px; }
  .research-item p { font-size: 15px; }
  .section-rule { margin-bottom: 13px; gap: 20px; }
  .section-kicker { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1.4px; }
  .section-heading { justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; }
  .section-heading .text-link { font-size: 15px; gap: 8px; }
  .home-paper { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 7px; padding-block: 20px; }
  .home-paper h3 { font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.5; }
  .home-paper p { font-size: 12px; }
  .home-paper-year { font-size: 14px; border-right: 0; color: var(--accent); letter-spacing: 1px; }
  .footer-main { flex-direction: column; gap: 16px; padding-block: 19px 9px; }
  .footer-identity > a { font-size: 18px; }
  .footer-identity p { font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.7; }
  .footer-links a:first-child { padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; }
  .footer-links a { padding-inline: 20px; }
  .footer-bottom { font-size: 10px; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap; padding-top: 15px; }
  .footer-bottom > span:nth-child(2) { display: none; }
  .inner-page { padding-block: 32px 50px; }
  .page-title { margin-bottom: 29px; }
  .page-title h1 { font-size: 36px; margin-block: 9px 15px; }
  .page-title p { font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.85; }
  .publication-tools { gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
  .search-box { width: 100%; flex-basis: 100%; padding: 12px 14px; }
  .search-box input { font-size: 14px; }
  .year-select { width: 100%; }
  .year-select select { width: 100%; padding-block: 11px; min-height: 48px; }
  .paper-row { grid-template-columns: 23px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 13px; padding-block: 24px; }
  .paper-index { font-size: 13px; }
  .paper-meta { gap: 7px 12px; font-size: 12px; }
  .paper-body h3 { font-size: 22px; line-height: 1.45; }
  .paper-authors { font-size: 13px; }
  .paper-actions { grid-column: 2; flex-direction: row; align-items: center; gap: 20px; padding: 2px 0 0; }
  .paper-open { width: 34px; height: 34px; }
  .paper-doi { font-size: 12px; }
  .copy-button { font-size: 12px; }
  .full-citation p { font-size: 13px; padding: 12px; }
  .publication-source { font-size: 12px; }
  .research-topic { grid-template-columns: 25px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 14px; padding-block: 23px; }
  .research-topic h2 { font-size: 27px; }
  .research-topic p { font-size: 15px; }
  .research-aside { padding: 25px; }
  .equation { font-size: 27px; }
  .research-aside .text-link { font-size: 16px; }
  .course-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 16px; }
  .course-card { padding: 23px; }
  .course-card h3 { font-size: 24px; }
  .past-courses { margin-top: 40px; }
  .course-year summary { font-size: 14px; padding-block: 17px; gap: 10px; }
  .course-year summary > span:last-child { font-size: 11px; gap: 12px; }
  .course-year ul { padding-left: 4px; }
  .course-year li { font-size: 14px; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
  .timeline-section { padding-top: 24px; margin-top: 28px; }
  .timeline-section > h2 { font-size: 27px; }
  .timeline-item { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 7px; }
  .timeline-period { font-size: 13px; }
  .timeline-item h3 { font-size: 23px; }
  .timeline-item p { font-size: 14px; }
  .cv-publications-link { padding: 23px; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 15px; }
  .cv-publications-link > a { margin-left: 0; font-size: 16px; }
  .resource-row { gap: 15px; padding: 23px 0; }
  .resource-icon { width: 28px; }
  .resource-row h2 { font-size: 23px; }
  .resource-row p { font-size: 14px; }
  .resource-type { display: none; }
  .related-links { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .gallery-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 22px; }
  .preview-banner { gap: 7px; font-size: 10px; padding: 8px 15px; }
  .access-page { margin-top: 7vh; padding: 25px; }
}
@media (max-width: 390px) {
  .page-width { width: calc(100% - 32px); }
  .name-en { font-size: 23px; }
  .name-zh { font-size: 21px; }
  .overview-research h1 { font-size: 28px; }
  .overview-sidebar { gap: 0 16px; }
  .sidebar-teaching li { font-size: 13px; }
  .sidebar-email { font-size: 12px; }
  .sidebar-email svg { display: none; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after { scroll-behavior: auto !important; animation: none !important; transition: none !important; }
}
@media print {
  body { background: white; color: black; font-size: 11pt; }
  .navigation-strip, .header-actions, .site-footer, .skip-link, .preview-banner, .print-button, .publication-tools, .result-count button, .paper-actions, .sidebar-cv { display: none !important; }
  .page-width { width: 100%; max-width: none; }
  .masthead { padding-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #bbb; }
  .name-en { font-size: 28pt; }
  .name-zh { font-size: 20pt; }
  .inner-page { padding-block: 25px 0; }
  .page-title h1 { font-size: 26pt; }
  .paper-row, .timeline-item, .course-card, .research-topic { break-inside: avoid; }
  .paper-body h3 { font-size: 14pt; }
  .paper-row { grid-template-columns: 25px 1fr; }
  .full-citation, .citation-note { display: none; }
  .overview-layout { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 210px; gap: 35px; }
}

/* Static bilingual content is present in HTML; switching changes visibility only. */
[hidden] { display: none !important; }
html[data-language="zh"] [data-lang="en"],
html[data-language="en"] [data-lang="zh"] { display: none !important; }
.copy-button > span { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; }
.course-year summary > span:last-child { gap: 20px; }